Influence of Socio demographic Factors and the Expression of Ki-67 Immunohistochemical Marker in Hydatidiform Mole Development

Abstract

Background: Hydatidiform mole is a significant concern in obstetric care, affecting approximately 1 in every 1000 pregnancies globally. Unfortunately, Asians demonstrate slightly higher incidence rates compared to Europeans of similar socioeconomic status. Objective: This study aimed to find out the associations between sociodemographic factors and expression of Ki-67 immunohistochemical marker with hydatidiform mole.

Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, conducted at the Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College, 50 cases were classified into Complete Hydatidiform Mole (CHM) and Partial Hydatidiform Mole (PHM) based on histopathological features. Pretreatment β-hCG levels were noted, and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry was performed. The results of the cases were collected and tabulated. Statistical analysis was conducted on the tabulated data using Fisher's exact test, chi-square test. Results: Among the respondent’s majority 40% (20) had age ≤ 20 years and only 8% (4) had age more than 40 years. This association between parity of respondents with Ki-67 immunoexpression was statistically significant (p<0.05). Primigravida patients were more likely to have a Ki-67 score of 2 and multigravida patients more likely to have a Ki-67 score of 3. Moreover, parity and Ki-67 immunoexpression scoring of the respondents were significantly associated with hydatidiform mole diagnosis after immunohistochemical evaluation (p<0.05) and (p<0.01) respectively.  Conclusion: The results indicate that certain sociodemographic variables do not have a substantial impact on the type of hydatidiform mole, whereas reproductive factor (parity) and levels of Ki-67 expression play vital role. These observations can improve the comprehension and treatment of hydatidiform mole, leading to improved patient outcomes by employing personalized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.