Prevalence of Hormonal Contraceptive Use and Its Association with Breast Cancer Risk

Abstract

Background: Hormonal contraceptives (HCs) play a crucial role in reproductive health, offering effective birth control and managing gynecological conditions. However, their association with breast cancer risk remains a significant concern. Epidemiological studies highlight a small but notable increase in breast cancer risk, particularly among current or recent HC users. This study investigates the prevalence of HC use and its correlation with breast cancer risk among women attending Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of hormonal contraceptive use and its association with breast cancer risk in the study population. Method and Materials: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from July 22 to June 23, involving 32 participants. Data were collected through structured interviews and medical record reviews. Demographics, contraceptive history, and breast cancer risk factors were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Chi-square tests assessed statistical significance (p < 0.05). Ethical approval was obtained, and participant confidentiality was maintained in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Result: The study population had a mean age of 47 years (SD: 5.2), with 56.25% (n=18) aged ≤50 years and 43.75% (n=14) aged >50 years. Of the total, 18.75% (n=6) of participants aged ≤50 years and 12.5% (n=4) of those aged >50 years were diagnosed with breast cancer. Among the diagnosed cases, 37.50% were estrogen receptor (ER) positive, 28.13% were progesterone receptor (PR) positive, and 21.88% were HER2 positive. Additionally, 31.3% of participants had early menarche, which was the most prevalent risk factor observed in the study. Conclusion: Hormonal contraceptive use impacts breast cancer risk, influenced by factors like age, family history, receptor status, and lifestyle.