Obstetric Risk Factors and Consequences of Adolescent Pregnancy

Abstract

Background: Adolescent pregnancy remains a significant public health issue in low- and middle-income countries, contributing to high maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to explore the obstetric risk factors and neonatal consequences of adolescent pregnancy in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh over six months. Fifty adolescent mothers (<19 years) were included through purposive sampling. Data were collected on sociodemographic factors, antenatal care utilization, maternal complications, mode of delivery, and neonatal outcomes. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Results: High rates of maternal anemia (50%), low antenatal care utilization (36% without checkups), and Caesarean deliveries (36%) were observed, with the primary indications being fetal distress (14%), eclampsia (8%), and obstructed labor (6%). Neonatal outcomes included low birth weight (<2.5 kg) in 58% of cases, birth asphyxia in 28%, and preterm births in 16%. While Apgar scores improved at 5 minutes (86% >7), 14% of neonates remained at risk, reflecting ongoing challenges in resuscitation and care. Conclusions: Adolescent pregnancy poses severe maternal and neonatal health risks, exacerbated by anemia, poor antenatal care, and obstetric complications. Interventions focusing on healthcare access, nutritional support, and delivery care are urgently needed to improve outcomes for adolescent mothers and their newborns in Bangladesh.