Prevalence of Oral Cavity Carcinoma Among High Risk Populations A cross sectional study in a tertiary care hospital

Abstract

Introduction: Oral cavity carcinoma is a major public health concern, especially among high-risk populations in developing countries like Bangladesh. Lifestyle factors such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and betel nut chewing significantly contribute to the prevalence of this malignancy. Early detection and diagnosis are crucial for improving outcomes, yet many cases are diagnosed at advanced stages. This study assesses the prevalence and factors associated with oral cavity carcinoma in high-risk populations. Objectives: To assess the prevalence, risk factors, and clinical characteristics of oral cavity carcinoma in high-risk populations at BSMMU. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Radiology & Imaging Department of BSMMU from June 2017 to May 2018. A total of 132 patients diagnosed with oral cavity carcinoma were included. Data were collected through chart reviews, patient interviews, and imaging reports. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22, focusing on demographic data, risk factors, and clinical characteristics. Ethical approval was obtained from BSMMU's Ethics Committee. Result: Among the 132 patients, the majority were aged 41-50 years (30.3%), with a mean age of 47.5 ± 10.8 years. Males comprised 66.7% of the population. Buccal mucosa carcinoma was the most common site (37.9%). Squamous cell carcinoma was the most prevalent histopathological type (72%). Stage III was the most frequent at diagnosis (37.9%). Treatment involved surgery for 45.5%, radiotherapy for 22.7%, and chemotherapy for 15.2%. Tobacco use was the primary risk factor (68.2%). Conclusion: This study underscores the high prevalence of oral cavity carcinoma in high-risk populations, emphasizing early detection and intervention.