Comparative Epidemiology and Risk Factor Analysis of Laryngeal Cancer among Urban and Rural Populations

Abstract

Background: Laryngeal cancer (LC) is a significant public health concern in Bangladesh, ranking as the ninth most common cancer with 3.4% of new cases and 3% of cancer-related deaths annually. The disease predominantly affects males and is closely associated with modifiable risk factors such as tobacco use, betel nut chewing, and occupational exposures. Objective: This study aims to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and associated risk factors of LC among patients in Bangladesh, providing insights into potential preventive measures. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Sheikh Fazilatunnessa Mujib Memorial KPJ Specialized Hospital in Gazipur, Dhaka, from October 2017 to November 2018. A total of 122 patients diagnosed with LC were enrolled. Data on demographic profiles, lifestyle habits, occupational exposures, and clinical presentations were collected through structured interviews and medical record reviews. Results: The majority of patients were males aged between 50 and 70 years. A significant proportion had a history of tobacco smoking and betel nut chewing. Occupational exposure to carcinogens, particularly in industries such as construction and battery manufacturing, was prevalent among the participants. Environmental factors, including exposure to pollutants, also emerged as potential contributors to LC risk. Conclusion: The findings underscore the critical role of modifiable risk factors in the development of LC in Bangladesh. Targeted public health interventions focusing on tobacco cessation, regulation of occupational exposures, and environmental pollution control are imperative. Additionally, implementing early detection programs can facilitate timely diagnosis and improve treatment outcomes.