Thyroid Dysfunction in Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Observational Study

Abstract

Background: Thyroid dysfunction is a common comorbidity in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), significantly impacting glycemic control and metabolic health. Understanding its prevalence and patterns is crucial for optimizing patient management. This study aimed to evaluate the spectrum of thyroid dysfunction in adult patients with T2DM. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Comilla Medical College, Cumilla, Bangladesh, involving 87 adult patients aged ≥30 years with diagnosed T2DM. Participants were selected through purposive sampling. Data on clinical characteristics and thyroid function tests were analyzed using MS Office tools. Results: Among 87 adult T2DM patients, 13% exhibited thyroid dysfunction. Subclinical hypothyroidism was most common (8.0%), followed by subclinical hyperthyroidism (3.4%) and overt hypothyroidism (1.2%). Dyslipidemia was prevalent, with 71.3% having elevated LDL-C, 65.5% reduced HDL-C, and 50.6% hypertriglyceridemia. Poor glycemic control (HbA1C ≥7%) was noted in 85% of cases. Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction, particularly subclinical hypothyroidism, was prevalent in T2DM patients. Dyslipidemia and poor glycemic control were also common. Regular thyroid screening and lipid profile management are essential for better diabetes management and patient outcomes.