Detection of MRSA and ESBL Producing Bacteria with Their Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern Isolated from Infected Burn Wounds in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital

Abstract

Background: Antibiotic resistance caused by the MRSA and ESBL producing drug resistant bacteria is a worldwide problem. World Health Organization (WHO) described antimicrobial resistant microorganism as “nightmare bacteria” that “pose a catastrophic threat” to people in every country in the world. Objectives: To detect antimicrobial resistance pattern of MRSA and ESBL producing bacteria isolated from infected burn wound patients in Rajshahi region. Methods: This descriptive type of study was carried out in Burn and Plastic Surgery unit of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. A total of 250 burn wound swabs collected from the admitted patients were constitute the sample size. The collected specimens were inoculated in blood agar, nutrient agar and MacConkey’s agar media and incubated aerobically at 370 C for 24 hours. Susceptibility tests of the bacterial isolates were done by using the modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar media. MRS Aproducing bacteria were identified by Cefoxitin disk diffusion test and ESBL producing bacteria were identified by disk diffusion test. Results: Out of total 250 samples, culture yielded growth were 213 (85.2%) and total 231 bacteria were identified. Among them 136 (58.8%) isolates were gram negative and 95(41.2%) isolates were gram positive. Male Female ratio among the growth positive patients was 1:1.4. S. aureus was the predominant organism, 71 (30.8%) followed by P.aeruginosa 67 (29%), E.coli 43(18.7%) and Klebsiella spp.16 (6.9%). Among 71 isolated S. aureus,33(46.5%) were identified as MRSA. Among 136 isolated gram negative bacteria, 64(47.1%) were phenotypically confirmed as ESBL. Conclusion: In Bangladesh, MRSA and ESBL producing strains of bacterial infections are now challenging in management. It is necessary to perform sensitivity test prior to start antimicrobial therapy for proper management. Routine screening test for MRSA and ESBL should be practiced to detect the carriers and treat them adequately and also reduce and control the spread of antimicrobial resistance.