IgE-Dependent Sensitization in the Pathogenesis of Allergic Rhinitis among Bangladeshi Adults

Abstract

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a prevalent IgE-mediated immune response disorder, with increasing global incidence, including in urban settings such as Bangladesh. Understanding the pathophysiology, particularly IgE-dependent sensitization, is critical to improving diagnosis and treatment strategies for AR. Objective: To investigate the role of IgE-dependent sensitization in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis and identify contributing factors such as eosinophilia, BMI, age, and gender among Bangladeshi adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted at Enam Medical College & Hospital from January 2012 to December 2014, involved 315 patients. Clinical examinations, including anterior rhinoscopy, fiber optic laryngoscopy, and X-rays of the chest and paranasal sinuses, were performed. Laboratory tests, including serum total IgE levels, complete blood count (CBC), and eosinophil percentage, were analyzed. Statistical evaluations such as independent sample t-tests, Pearson correlation, and Levene's test were used to examine relationships between variables. Results: The average serum total IgE level was 547.7 ± 582.3 U/L. Significant findings included a higher IgE level in females (738.71 ± 166.56 U/L) compared to males (434.11 ± 90.58 U/L), with a p-value of 0.120. Eosinophil count (EC%) was positively correlated with elevated IgE levels (r = 0.28, p = 0.037). The 40-65 age group showed higher blood pressure (SBP 132.22 ± 3.24 mmHg) than the 19-39 age group (118.65 ± 1.51 mmHg, p = 0.003). Eosinophilia (EC% > 5%) showed significant correlation with elevated IgE levels (p = 0.037). Conclusion: IgE-dependent sensitization is central to allergic rhinitis in Bangladeshi adults. Eosinophilia, age, and BMI significantly contribute to its pathogenesis.